Marienkirche (Castle of Wiirzburg): * see Endnote<A>

chapel located in the inner court of Marienberg Fortress, Würzburg, Bavaria; first Christian church at this location built in 706 by Duke Hedan II; current structure dates to early 11th century, the oldest church in Würzburg & oldest building in the fortress. 

 

Salonika (St. George): * see Endnote<B>

Thessaloniki's most important early Christian & Byzantine monument, Saint George's Rotunda, located near the Arch of Galerius, resembles the Pantheon in Rome; it is a 4th century domed circular building, initially designed as Emperor Galerius' mausoleum. However, Galerius' death (311 AD) cancelled this plan & it had no use until it was converted into a Christian church dedicated to St. George. 

 

Church of St. Germigny des Pres: * see Endnote<C>

built by Bishop Theodulf of Orléans, 806 AD, part of his palace complex within the Gallo-Roman villa in Germaniacus; he was a celebrated man of letters in the Carolingian court; his palace complex was modelled on the Palace of Aachen. 

 

wooden… eight-sided tent-roof: * see Endnote<D>

type of polygonal hipped roof with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak, hallmark of medieval religious architecture widely used to cover churches with steep, conical roof structures.  A local adaptation of this style was developed in late medieval Russia & widely used in 16th & 17th century church architecture.  It took the form of a polygonal spire but differed in purpose in that it was typically used to roof the main internal space of a church (rather than as an auxiliary structure).  Wooden logs are laid both parallel to the sides of the roof & across the corners to form squinches, which makes the roof high & rather pointed.  The same architectural form is also applied to bell towers.  It marks a sharp departure from the traditions Byzantine architecture (which avoided verticality); possibly in synergy with European Gothic spires, sometimes described as a Russian parallel to the Gothic architecture of Western Europe.

 

elective affinity:

reference to Goethe

see Chapter IV, page 155, his Wahlverwandtschaften,

 

the plane without limit:

prime symbol of Russia Culture, yet to be born

 

kokoshniks:  see Endnote<E>

semi-circular or keel-like exterior decorative element of traditional Russian architecture, a type of corbel zakomara (that is an arch-like semi-circular top of the church wall) but unlike zakomara which continue the curvature of the vault behind & carry a part of the vault's weight, kokoshnik is pure decoration, carries no weight.  They were used in the Russian church architecture from the 16th century, especially popular in the 17th century. They were placed on walls, at the basement of tented roofs or tholobates, over the window frames, or in rows above the vaults.

 

1760 Synod: * see Endnote <F>

Spengler claims this Synod forbade the tent roofs & prescribed the orthodox onion-cupolas.  Evidence for this sentiment (but NOT the date 1760) is found in the career of Patriarch Nikon (1605-81), 7th Patriarch of Moscow & the Russian Orthodox Church (1652-66).  Renowned for his eloquence, energy, piety & close ties to Tsar Alexis of Russia, he introduced many reforms which eventually led to a lasting schism known as Raskol in the Russian Orthodox Church.  He was a dominant political figure, often overshadowing the Tsar.  His liturgical reforms were unpopular among conservatives and in 1666 he was tried by a synod, deprived of all his sacerdotal functions & reduced to the status of a simple monk.  Nonetheless his reforms were maintained.  He worked to revise the service book and also proscribed the use of certain icons.  Notable also was his banning of the tented roof church style. 

 

birth of Faustian style:

Romanesque is the initial architectural expression form of the Faustian Soul, born before A.D. 1000.

strict dynamic of space, inner & outer construction placed in a fixed relation, the wall was penetrated by the form-language and the form worked into the wall in a way that no other Culture has ever imagined  the window and the belfry were invested with their meanings.

 

the Way:

prime symbol of Egypt’s culture, born early Fourth Dynasty (2,930 B.C.); its depth experience use the direction factor itself, stiffens spatial depth; length & breadth become a plane which restricts & prescribes the way