<A>
Raphael (Sistine Madonna): *
detail on right reveals the “baby heads” Spengler refers to
<B>
Leonardo (St. Jerome): *
The lion, stone & cardinal's hat are the traditional attributes of the saint. On the left- background is a distant landscape of a lake surrounded by precipitous mountains in mist. To the right-hand side, a faintly-sketched church. The composition is innovative for the oblique trapezoid form of the figure of the saint; his angular forms contrast with the sinuous form of the lion (which transcribes an "S" across the bottom of the painting). The lion is associated with the Gospel of Mark which Jerome translated into Latin. The form of Saint Jerome prefigures that of the Virgin Mary in the Virgin of the Rocks; the rendering of the muscles in the neck and shoulders is seen as the first of Leonardo's anatomical drawings.
