ILLUSTRATION D
survey of Pharaonic portraits 1549 to 51 BC
Faces are always well filled, almost plump, without any bony structure below the surface. The mouth is noticeable, invariably pursed into a smile, almost a smirk. The material is fine grain limestone, the surface is smoothed to a polish. The face shows an absolute symmetry of features, with a delicacy of treatment & a smoothness of contours.
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Ahmose I 1549-1524 Thutmose I 1506-1493 Tuthmosis III 1479-1425 Amenhotep III 1388-1351 Horemheb 1319-1292 Merenptah 1213-1203






Ramses IV 1155-49 funeral mask Psusennes I 1047-01 Amasis iii 570-526 Hakor 393-380 Ptolemy 305-282 Ptoloemy XII 80–58 & 55–51 BC

LEFT the sculptor's model, a head in the round intended to be followed as a model by sculptors, when making a statue of the king. The head is incomplete, a face projecting from a thin rectangular piece of stone. Grid lines are provided on the back of the stone with additional short lines crossing the median vertical of the grid indicating eyebrows and eyes, mouth, and chin. Similar marks on bottom & side surfaces indicate the position of other features. It was a simple formula.

These models are part of a revival deliberately fostered by the 26th Dynasty, who rose to power in Sais in 663 B.C. Egypt had endured a long period of decline, civil war & invasion. The Saite rulers understood the propaganda value of temple art, validating the pharaoh's claim of being himself a god. Thus after an interval of over 4 centuries, a new beginning was necessary. These artists drew their inspiration chiefly from the Old Kingdom and had copies made of reliefs and statues for the guidance of the apprentices in the royal studios. The result of these activities was the formulation of an official style of art. The models discussed demonstrate this. They were prepared at a central point & distributed wherever new temples were erected. The sculptors of the Saite revival survived the fall of the dynasty (525 B.C), survived 2 centuries of Persian rule & when the Ptolemys took over, they were quick to adopt the same style of art, as formulated by the sculptors of the 26 Dynasty. That the Saite style should have lasted for 6 centuries without essential change is astonishing. These are the same centuries which saw the rise of Greek sculpture, its flowering & extinction and during the last half of this period Alexandria was the principal Hellenistic world centre of culture. Yet Greek ideas in art or religion left no impress on Egypt even in the declining years of her long Winter.