Arabian:

Spengler’s term for the Magian Culture/Civilization

 

Spinozistically (substances):

Spinoza (1632-1677)argued that an abstract & impersonal God exists; everything that exists in the Universe is one Reality (substance), with 1 set of rules governing reality.   God & Nature as 2 names for the same reality, a single, fundamental substance, the basis of the universe & of which all lesser "entities" are actually modes; all things are determined by Nature to exist & cause effects, this complex chain of cause-effect is understood only in part.  Human free will is an illusion based on awareness of appetites that affect their minds; however we are unable to understand the reasons that create the appetite.  Deus sive Natura (God or Nature) is a being of infinitely many attributes, of which thought & extension are 2.  The physical & mental worlds as intertwined, causally related, deriving from the same Substance.   He denies dualism. The universal Substance emanates both body & mind; while they are different attributes, there is no fundamental difference between these aspects (this is neutral monism). Spinoza's system also envisages a God that is the deterministic system of which everything in nature is a part. Spinoza challenges a transcendental God that actively responds to events; everything that has and will happen is a part of a long chain of cause-and-effect, which, at a metaphysical level, humans are unable to change.

and see Chapter IX, page 307

 

hypothesis:

proposed explanation for a phenomenon; a scientific hypothesis is one that can be tested it; scientists base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily by available theories; a working hypothesis is a provisionally accepted hypothesis proposed for further research (e.g. an educated guess)