Aristotle (entelechy-idea):

see above page 389

 

Eleatics (science):

see above page 388

 

Classical physics:

reference to the science of the Greeks, notably the Physics of Aristotle & the Hellenic world, the Apollonian Culture/civilization; such Greek philosophers were among the first to propose that abstract principles govern nature. 

 

classical mechanics (Galileo and Newton):

(aka Newtonian mechanics) physical theory describing the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, & astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars & galaxies.  For such objects if the present state is known, it is possible to predict how it will move in the future and how it has moved in the past.  it consists of the physical concepts employed & mathematical methods invented in the 17th century by Newton, Leibniz & others to describe the motion of bodies under the influence of a system of forces.  Later, in the 18th and 19th centuries, more abstract methods were developed, leading to Lagrangian & Hamiltonian mechanics.  These advances extend substantially beyond Newton's work, (especially their analytical mechanics) & are used in all areas of modern physics.

 

the Baroque age:

Spengler’s reference for the Faustian Summer, 1500-1800