Euler

see Chapter II, Numbers, pages 78, 86

 

Lagrange

see Chapter II, Numbers, page 78  emerges

 

Wester painting (perspective):

see Chapter II, Numbers, page 61

 

Chinese painting (perspective): * see Endnote 8

Chinese landscape painters use flattened perspective, there is one fixed point to guide the viewer (a vanishing point).  This lack of perspective gives viewers space to think and imagine.  Painters believed that everyone has their own perspective & opinion in art.  Chinese perspective (in contrast to the Western scientific view), is an idealistic or supra-realistic approach, the artist can depict more than can be seen with the naked eye.  The composition is in a ladder of planes, two-dimensional or flat perspectives.

 

Experiential Depth:

every individual will have a feeling of depth, an intuitive feeling; outside mathematical definition; Culture based & reflected in art, painting & mathematics, idiosyncratic to their respective Cultures.

 

illuminated portion of space:

a spherical region of the Universe comprising all matter that can be observed from Earth because electromagnetic radiation (light) from these objects has had time to reach Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.  There are at least 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe. Assuming the Universe is isotropic, the distance to the edge of the observable universe is roughly the same in each direction.  The observable universe is a spherical volume (a ball) centered on the observer.  Observable refers to the physical limit created by the speed of light itself.  Every location in the Universe has its own observable universe, which may or may not overlap with the one centered on Earth.